Thursday 19 January

SESSION 1 - CURRENCY I 
Chair: Sara Church, Federal Reserve Board

8.30 am    Ruud Van Renesse - Appreciation

8.45 am    Erik Balodis, Bank of Canada
Research into Banknote Circulation Wear: Cash Handling Habits of Canadians

The security-driven development of a new note series can result in banknote configurations with novel security devices or materials. The lack of a reliable durability test based on real circulation stresses makes it difficult to estimate the ability of these devices or materials to withstand circulation conditions. This paper presents the findings of a survey of the cash-handling habits of Canadians and incorporates these findings, along with information available from the literature, other central banks and the Bank of Canada’s circulation trial in the development of a model of bank note circulation.

9.10am   Thomas Tuerke & Juerg Hofmann, KBA-Notasys SA
Controlling Machine Readability in Security Printing

Following one of the basic principles of quality control, that you can only control what you can measure, in this paper some tools and methods especially developed for the banknote world are presented to control these covert features in sheet form.

9.35am   Sarah Atwater et al, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond  
The Evolution of Optical Currency Sensors used on Federal Reserve High Speed Sorting

The US Federal Reserve System provides both new and circulated currency to financial institutions. Circulated currency was originally sorted by hand, but now done by machine at 40 notes per second. Old fitness criteria are being replaced by new, as the very nature of currency is changed through new designs and security features. This paper describes the issues and asks which security features are to be verified.

10.00am  Refreshment Break

SESSION II - CURRENCY II
Chair: Malcom Knight, De La Rue

10.30am   Elizabeth Downing et al,  3DTL 
Dynamic Effect Pigments and Multi-Effect Pigments for the Banknote Industry

Dynamic Effect Pigments (DEPs) and Multi-Effect Pigments (MEPs) represent a new class of security pigments for banknotes and other documents. DEPs and MEPs can be tailor-made to provide multiple responses under a single, steady-state excitation. These responses can be simultaneous, sequential, and/or interdependent. These pigments can provide both visual and non-visual effects, and they can respond to visible and non-visible stimuli.

10.55am  Valentino de Vito, Bureau of Engraving & Printing
US Cash Machine Group: Efforts to Make Banknotes More Friendly

The subject group was formed by the US Federal Reserve Board of Governors to examine ways to make banknotes more machine readable. Banknote design today is not just making aesthetically pleasing and complex images, but a matter of integrating design and security concepts that are workable, reliable, secure, and machine friendly, with the goal of making readable banknotes for all.

11.20am  Peter Balke, De Nederlandsche Bank
Machine Learning to Measure Banknote Fitness

Central banks recirculate notes based on fitness. The problem is that fit notes are often shredded along with unfit ones. This paper is the story of the application of neural networks to the whole note color evaluation process so that the decision making process is improved and more economical.

11.45am  Lunch

SESSION III - SUBSTRATES AND PRINTING I
Chair: Volker Lohweg, Ostwestfalen-Lipp University of Applied Sciences

1.15pm   Robert Stewart & Michael Blesovsky, Innovia Films
Differentiation Between Film Substrates Based on Altered Interference Signals

A combination of white light interferometry and birefringence measurement has been used as a method of uniquely identifying polypropylene film. This present paper extends this technique to new grades of security films.

1.40pm   Douglas Dunn, 3M (on  behalf of Will Merrill)
Laser Engravable Color Reflective Films

This paper describes the method and use of a new class of multi-layer, color reflective polymer films, susceptible to laser energy, that allows lasers of various wavelengths to write to inner layers in the film. Overt features using visible colors and covert features of other wavelengths may be incorporated.

2.05pm   Oliver Muth, Bundesdruckerei
A Secure Color Personalization Solution for PC Documents
This process uses inkjet printing of an inner layer of a PC foil followed by lamination to a card. So this is a pre-personalisation instead of the commonly used post-personalisation of PC documents. This also means that a PC-foil with a single image has to be treated like a fully personalised document, which is facilitated by the use of new polycarbonate inks that allow secure bonding. Improvements to the inks, the inkjet printer as well as the printing process were required to optimise performance.

2.30pm   Christoph Kocher, Landqart
A New Banknote Substrate as Platform for Optical Security Features

A new banknote substrate will be presented that combines the recognized features of paper and polymer into a high security delivery platform. The substrate is a composite of two paper layers and a central polymer core and is capable of incorporating the traditional physical security features of both paper and polymer. The presentation will focus on additional security effects not realizable with either substrate alone.

2.55pm   Refreshment break

SESSION IV - SUBSTRATES AND PRINTING II
Chair: Sijbrand Spannenburg, Joh Enschede Security Print

3.25pm   Douglas Dunn, 3M 
Personalized Floating Three-Dimensional Images for ID Documents

It is now possible to produce three-dimensional images in the form of a floating signature, a floating serial number, or a floating ghost image of the document holder in a patch layout in the document. In addition,  three-dimensional floating images that are viewable only over a specific angular range but appear to be located at the same spot in the document, i.e. switchable, can also be laser written. In this new version of the technology the three-dimensional images are therefore linked to the bio-data recorded in the document of the document holder, a process described in this paper

3.50pm   Scott Palm & Sam Cape, Crane Micro-Optic Solutions
Micro-Optic Structures for Identification Applications

In this paper, the authors discuss a number of interesting technical, scientific, and stylistic developments undertaken to tailor micro-optic products, as now used in several banknotes, to the performance requirements for a number of security applications. These developments improve the functionality, appearance, and effectiveness of micro-optics. Developments for traditional applications and for new applications, such as ID, are discussed

4.15pm   Takaharu Kobayashi, National Printing Bureau of Japan
Inspection Techniques for Hybrid Substrate Using Optical Coherence Technology (OCT)

OCT is a nondestructive imaging technique for use with an opaque medium with some element of optical transparency. This technique has proven useful in determining the thickness of component layers of hybrid substrate and can also be applied to quality control in the production process.

4.40pm   Christoph Mengel, Giesecke & Devrient
Reversible Magnets: Creating a Printable Magnetic Display

Magnetic inks are staples of banknote printing, from simple iron oxide inks, to more sophisticated optical-magnetic combinations. These inks generate fixed orientation magnetic pigments. In contrast, the approach described in this paper allows the magnetic particles to rotate freely within the cured magnetic ink, so that the imparted magnetic image will be revealed in a magnetic field, but revert on removal from the field, thus demonstrating full reversibility.

7.00pm   Buffet Dinner including Table Top Exhibit and Poster Papers

Friday, 20th January

SESSION V - OPTICALLY VARIABLE SECURITY I
Chair: Wayne Tomkin, OVD Kinegram

8.15am   John Peters & Wayne Tompkin, OVD Kinegram
Enhancing the Security of Chip-Based documents using DOVIDs

The paper provides a brief analysis of the potential attacks on currently used chip-based ID documents, such as the machine-readable travel documents. In the light of these threats, three approaches to enhancing the document security using DOVIDs will be presented.

8.40am   Jean Sauvage-Vincent & Valéry Petiton, Hologram Industries
Extraordinary transmission for an Effective See-through DOVID

Known for a long time in polymer banknotes, and more recently in paper banknotes, the principle of windowed documents is now extended to ID documents. This paper will present an innovative solution linking transmission and zero-order device technologies which is dedicated to improve windows’ contributions to overt security.

9.05am   Clint Landrock et al, NanoTech Security Corp
Nano-Scale Optics for Security Features  

This paper introduces the design of surface plasmon-based optics and novel processing using mastered shims for embossing or casting highly reproducible nano-scale structures in diffraction optical variable devices (D-OVD)and machine readable security applications. Surface plasmons (SPs) are collective electronic oscillations that can be excited using visible ambient light. If the correct parameters are chosen SPs can be used to produce transmission of light greater than that predicted by standard optical theory.

9.30am   Tino Zahedi, 4D
Some New Approaches on Optical Document Security

This paper presents a number of novel authentication concepts based on innovative and unconventional functional principles. The optical effects comprise a photoluminescent phenomenon such as daylight fluorescence, micro-Fresnel prism refraction light guidance and dramatic three-dimensional optical illusions.

9.55am   Refreshment Break

SESSION VI - OPTICALLY VARIABLE SECURITY II
Chair: Douglas Dunn, 3M Safety, Security and Protection Lab

10.30am  Akira Nagano, Toppan Printing  
Pastel, non-rainbow colored OVD based on diffraction optics

This paper introduces pastel-color OVDs which do not generate the normal rainbow colors typical of normal diffraction holograms. Further, these pastel OVDs have the property of On/Off effect: that is at one viewing angle, the pastel color is shown, and changing the viewing angle causes the complete disappearance of the pastel color. Secondary latent images are also possible. The pastel pattern changes to a monochromatic one by a diffusion filter and the latent image becomes clearly visible..

10.55am  Harald Walter & Wayne Tompkin, OVD Kinegram AG 
Color Shifting Feature combining microstructures with Fabry-Perot-type Interference Filters

This paper presents novel, enhanced color-shifting features based on Fabry-Perot interference filters in juxtaposition. The effect relies on a combination of special designed microstructures and thin-film interference filters. This feature offers a very high level of security due to the fact that replication, printing and vacuum coating techniques need to be combined in a very accurate way.

11.20am  Tsuyoshi Yamauchi, Dai Nippon Printing
Full Color Lippmann Hologram for Security Applications
In this paper, the overt authentication functionality of new color Lippmann holograms is discussed, targeting the high security application such as banknotes and governmental ID documents.? One authentication function is the instantaneous color switching possible in holograms made by the H1H2 mastering method, when both the incident and the observation angle can be freely designed and controlled.  Therefore, the observation angles of each color images reconstructed can be individually designed and a distinctive color switching effect can be given.

11.45am  Luke Maguire, Reserve Bank of Australia
The Non-Diffractive Switching Image - a Non-printed Optically Variable Security Device

This paper presents the latest developments in switching images, which represent a fundamental step-change in visual efficacy and counterfeit resistance over previous?embodiments.  The key development is the creation of a feature that now switches?completely, without cross-talk, between two transparent, high contrast images.  The?visual effect is created through the incorporation of optical-quality microprisms into?the banknote substrate.

12.10pm  Lunch

SESSION VII - AUTHENTICATION AND EXAMINATION I
Chair: Ian Lancaster, Reconnaissance International

1.25pm   Hans Oltmans, Joh. Enschede
A New Projective Method for Correcting for Distortions of Secure Digital Watermarks

Automatic detection of secure digital watermarks relies on the ability to recognize the mark under practical circumstances. A captured image is “distorted” (shifted, skewed, scaled, cropped)  compared to the original. The watermark should be resilient to such distortions. The Full Spectrum coding method possesses resilience to certain (conformal) transformations. Generalization to a more general class of linear distortions is considered. A technique is developed to determine which operation an image has undergone during the capturing process. This registration method is based on linear projection and is applicable to a broad class of (frequency-domain) secure digital watermarks.

1.50pm   Andre Arsenault, Opalux
Photonic Crystal Security Devices

Photonic crystals (PCs) are materials having a periodically modulated refractive index.  The diffraction resulting from this ordered structure causes the material to reflect bright and pure colors if this diffraction is in the visible spectrum.  By incorporating stimulus responsive materials into PC composites, the color of these materials can be actively tuned through a change in lattice spacing and/or refractive index of the active material.  

During this talk, I will introduce Opalux’s platform of Photonic Color, based on active PC materials, and give an overview of their features and current performance.  

Two new developments will be addressed during this presentation.  The first will deal with Opalux’s suite of materials that display vivid and dramatic color changes in response to finger pressure, applicable to integration into a variety of first-level security features on documents, products and cards.  In particular, recent work aimed at integrating these materials into security documents will be described, including optimization of color strength, visibility, and mechanical pressure requirements for user interaction.  Also covered will be selected routes for integration into documents, including durability testing for selected laminate and thread structures.  

The second utilizes newly developed Photonic Color materials, in combination with traditional digital printing equipment, to produce stunning full-colour, optically variable prints.  This simple, single-pass process generates customizable graphics in full colour colour-shift.  That is, each printed pixel can be chosen to be any colour in the rainbow spectrum, and each and every resulting colour displays dramatic colour-shift.  A number of attributes of this system will be presented, including available colors, printing speed/resolution, color-shift properties, and applicable substrates.

2.15pm    Leif Yde, Leif Yde Consulting
Design and Counterfeit Resilience for Some Optically Variable Devices

This paper will explain how the design of a number of well-known features can make the job more difficult for the counterfeiter by making use of a knowledge of the limitations of materials and machinery available for a counterfeiter. Communication of the features is an important part of the security.

2.40pm   Refreshment Break

SESSION VIII - AUTHENTICATION AND EXAMINATION II
Chair: John Mercer, Kelly Anderson & Associates

3.15pm   Nick Pearson, Bank of England
Increasing Banknote Durability – Results from the Bank of England’s £5 Circulation Trial

At first glance, banknote durability appears to have little to do with optical document security.  The arguments behind investing in a high durability substrate often being driven by cost- benefit and reputational issues for the Central Bank.  The reality is, however, that the effectiveness of any optical feature is underpinned by the condition of the circulating note.  The functionality of all optical devices, from watermarks to DOVDs, from lenticular features to OVMI print, is degraded as the note becomes worn and soiled.  It is therefore fundamental to the effective circulation of any banknote that the optimum condition of banknotes in circulation is maintained.  While it is tempting for a Central Bank to retrofit a varnish or a coating to an existing note to accomplish this, there are a bewildering array of products available and some are known to work better than others.  The availability of reliable circulation data that compares different durability features is, therefore, highly valuable.  The Bank of England can present the findings from our study, the culmination of more than 3 years intensive research.  Findings have shown that banknote durability features can dramatically prolong note crispness, reduce note soiling and maintain usefulness of optical devices for longer.  All of this is achieved at a significantly lower overall cost.

3.40pm   Volker Lohweg, Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences
Mobile Devices for Banknote Authentication – Is it Possible?

Security features, in particular intaglio-printed features, exhibit highly characteristic, recognizable  visual properties . This paper reports  research which shows that nearly all mobile device cameras, when controlled properly by the application software, can be used for banknote authentication.

4.05pm   Steffen Priesterjahn et al, Wincor Nixdorf 
Robust ATM PIN Pad Authentication with Coded Features (tbc)

The presented approach uses artificially produced unique features on laser engraved metal structures to generate an encoded fingerprint for object verification. The paper describes how this method has been  extended to use intrinsic features that are introduced by production variances. This enables the computation of a fingerprint for each individually monitored PIN pad.

4.30pm   Close of Conferenc